一个相对合理的股权结构，应该遵循一个原则：“451原则”。也就是说，“4”代表4个股东，即公司在创始合伙人的时候不要超过四个股东，这样的话，就能保证决策权的相对集中，创业公司战略层面掌握在少数人手上；“5”代表50%以上的股份，也就是说公司的大股东持有公司一半以上的股份；“1”责表示公司只应该有一个核心的“带头大哥”，一个核心的大股东。

A relatively reasonable ownership structure should follow one principle: "451 principle". In other words, "4" stands for four shareholders, that is, the company should not have more than four shareholders when it is a founding partner. In this way, the decision-making power can be relatively concentrated, and the strategic level of the start-up company is controlled by a small number of people; "5" stands for more than 50% of the shares, that is, the major shareholder of the company holds more than half of the shares of the company; "1" means that the company should only have one The core "leader" is a core major shareholder.

遵循：“451”原则，创始人一般占有公司50%—60%的股份。剩余的20%—30%，留给一开始全职工作的创业合伙人；愿意出力又愿意投钱的这一部分合伙人。剩余的10—20%，企业可以做一个“期权池”，用于引进新的人才，或者等公司发展壮大后，根据大家的贡献，去分配“期权池”的股份；跟投资人约定好，“期权池”的部分是不允许被稀释的。

Following the "451" principle, the founder generally holds 50% - 60% of the shares of the company. The remaining 20% - 30% will be left to the start-up partners who start full-time work and those who are willing to contribute and invest. For the remaining 10-20%, the enterprise can make an "option pool" to introduce new talents, or distribute the shares of the "option pool" according to everyone's contribution after the company develops and grows; it is agreed with the investors that the part of the "option pool" is not allowed to be diluted.

当然，公司发展到不同阶段，会有不同的股权设计架构方案。比如：华为今天已经走过了创业期，也走过了发展期，进入到非常稳定的成熟期。这个时候，华为已经把98%的股份分给了员工，大家也都知道，任正非目前只占有公司1.4%的股份。

Of course, when the company develops to different stages, there will be different equity design schemes. For example, Huawei has gone through the start-up period and the development period, and has entered a very stable mature period. At this time, Huawei has allocated 98% of its shares to its employees. As we all know, Ren Zhengfei currently holds only 1.4% of the company's shares.

虽然他占的股份非常少，但是在华为任正非依然说了算。不管是阿里巴巴的马云，还是腾讯的马化腾，这些上市公司的老大都只占公司不到10%的股份，且仍牢牢控制着公司。

Although he has a very small share, Ren Zhengfei still has the final say in HUAWEI. Whether it is Alibaba's Jack Ma or Tencent's Ma Huateng, the leaders of these listed companies only account for less than 10% of the company's shares, and still firmly control the company.

未来的企业家，在公司里面所占的股份会越来越少，但是手上的财富会越来越多。更加需要注重的是，在公司规模还比较小的时候，公司或者企业老总现金流不足的时候依旧要分配股权，这时的团队大家要一起向市场要效益：大家分的是未来的利润，分的是明天的利润。所以，任何一家公司，在创业的时候，就要做好股权的规划和布局！

Future entrepreneurs will have less and less shares in the company, but more and more wealth on hand. What is more important is that when the company is still small, the company or the boss of the enterprise still needs to allocate equity when the cash flow is insufficient. At this time, the team should ask the market for benefits together: what we share is the future profits, and what we share is the tomorrow profits. Therefore, any company, when starting a business, should do a good job in equity planning and layout!