顶层设计是一个工程学的概念，本义是统筹考虑项目各层次和各要素，追根溯源，统揽全局，在高层次上寻求问题的解决之道，强调的是一项工程的“整体理念”的具体化。就是说要完成一项大工程，就要以理念一致、功能协调、结构统一、资源共享，部件标准化等系统的方法，从全局视角出发，对项目各层次、要素进行统筹考虑。

Top level design is an engineering concept. Its original meaning is to comprehensively consider all levels and elements of the project, trace the source, grasp the overall situation, seek solutions to problems at a high level, and emphasize the concretization of the "overall concept" of a project. In other words, to complete a large project, it is necessary to comprehensively consider all levels and elements of the project from the overall perspective with systematic methods such as consistent concept, functional coordination, unified structure, resource sharing and component standardization.

通常而言，可以通过以下方式实现“小股掌大权”：

Generally speaking, the "small shareholders holding the power" can be realized in the following ways:

1、股份比例和表决权比例分离

1. Separation of share proportion and voting right proportion

   
   

创始人可以要求投资者或者股权激励对象让渡其所持股份的全部或者部分表决权，实现表决权和分红权分离，从而既满足资本逐利本性，又能够继续实现创始人对企业的控制，从而通过较少的股份争取获得更大的投票权。

The founder can require investors or equity incentive objects to transfer all or part of the voting rights of their shares to realize the separation of voting rights and dividend rights, so as to not only meet the profit seeking nature of capital, but also continue to realize the founder's control over the enterprise, so as to strive for greater voting rights through fewer shares.

2、通过一致行动人计划提高创始人的控制能力

2. Improve founder's control through concerted action plan

“一致行动人”即通过协议约定，某些股东就特定事项投票表决采取一致行动。意见不一致时，某些股东跟随一致行动人投票。比如，创始股东之间、创始股东和投资人可以通过签署一致行动人协议加大创始股东的投票权权重。

"Person acting in concert" refers to the agreement that some shareholders vote and take concerted action on specific matters. In case of disagreement, some shareholders vote with those acting in concert. For example, among the founding shareholders, the founding shareholders and investors can increase the voting rights of the founding shareholders by signing the agreement of persons acting in concert.

3、有限合伙持股平台的引入(杠杆持股，以小搏大)

3. Introduction of limited partnership shareholding platform (Leveraged shareholding, small for big)

有限合伙通过让核心创始人担任普通合伙人，从而控制整个有限合伙公司，然后通过有限合伙公司控制公司股权。其他股东只能是有限合伙的有限合伙人，不参与有限合伙管理，也就不能通过有限合伙控制公司。

The limited partnership controls the whole limited partnership by making the core founder act as the general partner, and then controls the equity of the company through the limited partnership. Other shareholders can only be limited partners of limited partnership. If they do not participate in the management of limited partnership, they cannot control the company through limited partnership.

4、AB股(牛卡计划)

4. AB shares (bull card plan)

所谓AB股，即将企业股票分为两种不同类型，创始股东与投资人持有不同类型的股票。比如，我们将创始股东持有的股票称为“B类股票”，投资人持有的为“A类股票”。

The so-called AB shares, that is, the enterprise shares are divided into two different types, and the founding shareholders and investors hold different types of shares. For example, we call the shares held by founding shareholders "class B shares" and those held by investors "Class A shares".