一般而言，股权结构通常有三种，一是一元股权结构；二是二元股权结构；三为4X4股权结构。

Generally speaking, there are three kinds of ownership structure: one is unitary ownership structure; the other is dual ownership structure; the third is 4x4 ownership structure.

1、一元股权架构这种是指股权的股权比例、表决权、分红权。

1. The unitary ownership structure refers to the equity proportion, voting right and dividend right.

在这种结构下，所有中小股东的权利都是根据股权比例而决定的。这是简单的股权结构，需要避免的就是公司僵局的问题！

In this structure, the rights of all the minority shareholders are determined according to the proportion of shares. This is a simple ownership structure, what needs to be avoided is the deadlock of the company!

实务中存在几个表决权“节点”：一是一方股东持有出资比例达到百分之三十三以上的;二是只有两位股东且双方出资比例分别为百分之五十一和半分之四十九的;三是一方出资比例超过百分之六十六的;四是有两股东且各方出资比例均为百分之五十的。在这里，第三种出资比例意味着，公司在任何情形下都不会形成僵局，因为表决权比例已经高达“三分之二”以上，对任何表决事项都可以单方形成公司决议，除非公司章程对股东须“同意”的人数作出限止。糟糕的是第四种股权结构，在两股东各占百分之五十表决权的机制下，意味着公司作出任何决议均一定由双方一致同意方可有用。

In practice, there are several "nodes" of voting rights: one is that one shareholder holds more than 33% of the capital contribution; the other is that there are only two shareholders and the contribution ratio of both parties is 51% and half 49%; the third is that one party's contribution ratio is more than 66%; the fourth is that there are two shareholders and each party's contribution ratio is 50%. Here, the third contribution ratio means that the company will not form an impasse under any circumstances, because the proportion of voting rights has reached more than "two thirds". Any voting matter can be unilaterally formed into a company resolution, unless the articles of association limit the number of shareholders who must "agree". What's worse is that the fourth ownership structure, with 50% of the voting rights of the two shareholders, means that any resolution made by the company must be agreed by both parties.

2、 二元股权架构是指股权在股权比例、表决权、分红权之间做出不等比例的安排，将股东权利进行分离设计。

2. The dual ownership structure refers to the unequal proportion arrangement of equity proportion, voting right and dividend right, which separates the shareholders' rights.

我国的公司法修订后规定，章程可以约定同股不同权，当然，在股份公司下，只有不同类别的股东才能这样设计，同一类股票的权利应该是一致的。这种架构设计，适合那些，需要将分红权给某些合伙人，但将决策权给创始人的多个联合创始人的情况。

After the amendment of the company law of our country, it is stipulated that the articles of association can stipulate different rights for the same share. Of course, under the joint stock company, only different types of shareholders can design in this way, and the rights of the same class of shares should be consistent. This kind of architecture design is suitable for those who need to give the dividend right to some partners, but give the decision-making power to the founders.

3、4X4股权架构这就是在二元股权架构的基础上，将公司的股东分为四个类型，创始人、合伙人、员工、投资人，针对他们的权利进行整体性安排，以实现前面提到的五大目标。

3. 4x4 equity structure, which is based on the dual equity structure, divides the company's shareholders into four types: founders, partners, employees and investors, and makes overall arrangements for their rights to achieve the five goals mentioned above.