（1）一元股权架构

(1) Unitary equity structure

一元股权架构这种是指股权的股权比例、表决权(投票权)、分红权均一体化。

The unitary equity structure refers to the integration of equity proportion, voting right (voting right) and dividend right.

在这种结构下，所有中小股东的权利都是根据股权比例而决定的。这是简单的股权结构，需要重 点避免的就是公司僵局的问题！实际中存在几个表决权“节点”：

Under this structure, the rights of all minority shareholders are determined according to the proportion of equity. This is a simple ownership structure, the key to avoid is the deadlock of the company! In practice, there are several "nodes" of voting rights

1.是一方股东持有出资比例达到百分之三十三点四以上的;

1. The proportion of capital contribution held by one shareholder is more than 33.4%;

2.是只有两位股东且双方出资比例分别为百分之五十一和百分之四十九的;

2. There are only two shareholders and the proportion of capital contribution of both parties is 51% and 49% respectively;

3.是一方出资比例超过百分之六十六点七的;

3. The proportion of one party's capital contribution exceeds 66.7%;

4.是有两股东且各方出资比例均为百分之五十的。

4. There are two shareholders and the proportion of each party's capital contribution is 50%.

在这里，第三种出资比例意味着，公司在任何情形下都不会形成僵局，因为表决权比例已经高达“三分之二”以上，对任何表决事项都可以单方形成有用的公司决议，除非公司章程对股东须“同意”的人数作出 低限制。为糟糕的是第四种股权结构，在两股东各占百分之五十表决权的机制下，意味着公司作出任何决议均一定由双方一致同意方可有用。

Here, the third proportion of capital contribution means that the company will not form a deadlock under any circumstances, because the proportion of voting rights has reached more than "two-thirds", and useful corporate resolutions can be formed unilaterally on any voting matters, unless the articles of association impose a low limit on the number of shareholders who must "agree". What's worse is the fourth kind of ownership structure. Under the mechanism of 50% voting rights for each shareholder, it means that any resolution made by the company must be agreed by both parties before it can be useful.

（2）二元股权架构

(2) Dual ownership structure

二元股权架构是指股权在股权比例、表决权、分红权之间做出不等比例的安排，将股东权利进行分离设计。

Dual equity structure refers to the equity in the equity ratio, voting rights, dividend rights to make unequal proportion between the arrangements, the separation of shareholder rights design.

我国的公司法修订后规定，章程可以约定同股不同权，当然，在股份公司下，只有不同类别的股东才能这样设计，同一类股票的权利应该是一致的。这种架构设计，适合那些，需要将分红权给某些合伙人，但将决策权给创始人的多个联合创始人的情况。这种股权架构在 国外非常普遍，例如Facebook在IPO时的招股书中,已明确将股权分为A、B股，扎克伯格通过大量持有具有高表决权的B类股来维系对公司的掌控；

After the revision of the company law of our country, it is stipulated that the articles of association can stipulate different rights for the same shares. Of course, in a joint-stock company, only different types of shareholders can design this way, and the rights of the same kind of shares should be the same. This kind of architecture design is suitable for those who need to give dividend rights to some partners, but give decision-making rights to multiple co founders of the founders. This kind of equity structure is very common in foreign countries. For example, in the IPO prospectus of Facebook, the equity has been clearly divided into a and B shares. Zuckerberg maintains control of the company by holding a large number of class B shares with high voting rights;

（3）4×4股权架构

(3) 4 × 4 equity structure

4X4股权架构这就是在二元股权架构的基础上，将公司的股东分为四个类型，创始人、合伙人、员工、投资人，针对他们的权利进行整体性安排，以实现前面提到的五大目标。

4x4 equity structure on the basis of the dual equity structure, the company's shareholders are divided into four types: founders, partners, employees and investors, and their rights are arranged as a whole to achieve the five goals mentioned above.

4X4股权架构设计的思路主要有三大步骤：

There are three main steps in the design of 4x4 equity structure

一：将公司股权这一大蛋糕分出投资人和创始人的份额；

1： First of all, the shares of investors and founders will be separated from the big cake of company equity;

二：考虑将剩余的蛋糕分给合伙人和员工，并且在合伙人和员工这两部分蛋糕中，再根据个人对公司的贡献细分每个人应得的股份；

2： Consider dividing the remaining cake to partners and employees, and in the two parts of the cake, divide each person's share according to his contribution to the company;

三：查漏补缺，看按照前两步分得的股权是否有不合理之处，进行调整。

3： We should make up for the defects by checking whether there is any irrationality in the shares obtained according to the previous two steps and adjust them.